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How to : Migrating Your Desktop From Windows To Linux

11:39:00 AM, Posted by tips trik aku,

Making The Move: The Ubuntu Linux Installation Process
Making The Move: The Ubuntu Linux Installation Process
Ubuntu Linux is one of the most popular desktop Linux distributions, especially for smaller businesses. But before you dive into migrating your desktop to Linux, familiarize yourself with the planning and preparation process addressed in How To Migrate Your Desktop From Windows To Linux so you know what to expect. 

Once you've assessed your needs and have everyone in your business on board for your migration, it's time to get down to brass tacks. Fortunately, the Ubuntu Linux installation process makes it extremely easy, even for non-technical users, as you'll discover in the following slides. 
Step One: Partitioning And Disk Prep
Step One: Partitioning And Disk Prep
When the Ubuntu installer launches, you will see a list of supported languages, along with a set of hot-key advanced installation options. The hot-key choices include accessibility and manual video-display setup options, among others; as a rule, they will not come into play during a typical Ubuntu installation. 

A second screen offers the option to run Ubuntu in Live CD mode or as a standard disk-based installation. You also can check either the installer CD itself or the target system's RAM for flaws at this point, or you can simply bail out of the installer at this point and start the system normally. 

After moving through screens that select your location/time zone and keyboard layout, you'll get to the most important part of the Ubuntu installation process: disk partitioning and preparation. 

The easiest way to handle this process is to have a complete hard disk, or at least a disk partition, ready to devote to Ubuntu Linux. If a disk is already divided into partitions, you can choose between either the "use entire disk" option or confine Ubuntu to one of the partitions. (This slide shows a single-partition disk; as a result, both the "use entire disk" and the "SCSC1" partition option are checked automatically.) 
Manual Disk Prep Option

Manual Disk Prep Option
There is another choice: the "manual" disk prep option. Selecting this and moving to the next installer screen will allow you to select a disk and/or partition to resize manually for Ubuntu. As this slide shows, you will have to designate the partition type (primary or logical)' indicate a size (in megabytes); locate the new partition at either the beginning or end of the space being divided; select a file system (Ext3 is a common choice for desktop Linux systems); and select a mount point. 

Here is a good rule to follow when deciding whether to proceed with the "manual" partition option: If you don't have a clear and pressing reason to use it, along with a good working knowledge of Linux disk management and file systems, then don't use it. The Ubuntu installer, given a clean partition to work with, does an excellent job of handling all of this automatically, including the process of creating a Linux swap partition. Why not take advantage of it? 

Finally, note that Ubuntu, like other desktop Linux distros, installs a bootloader on your hard disk. This software, which resides on the disk's master boot record (MBR), automatically detects an existing Windows installation (or any other operating system). If you decide to set up a dual-boot system, the bootloader -- known as GRUB, which stands for GRand Unified Bootloader -- will greet you with a list of OS start-up options every time you power up your system. 

The final step of the Ubuntu installation process provides an "advanced" option that allows you to change some of the bootloader settings. The same rule applies here: If you don't know exactly why and how to work with these settings, then play it safe and leave them alone. 
Step Two: Let's Get Personal

Step Two: Let's Get Personal
Once you move past the partition-prep screens, you'll have a chance to set up a single user account for the new Ubuntu Linux desktop system. In addition to providing the user's real name, a single-word username, and a password, this is where you can select a name the system itself will use for network identification purposes. If you're migrating a Windows PC to Ubuntu, then the system's current name will work just fine here. 

There are a couple of things to keep in mind. First, if you plan to set up multiple user accounts on the new desktop system, you will have to wait until the installation process is complete and Ubuntu is running to add the other accounts. 

Second, rest assured that the account you are creating here isnot a root account; it is a standard Linux user account. Unlike Windows, a Linux user account generally strikes a good balance between security and productivity, and you can always give a user access to additional system privileges (typically via the "sudo" command or graphical password prompts) once the Ubuntu desktop system is up and running. 

The next screen gives you the option to move user data, including your "My Documents" folder and your browser bookmarks/history, from an existing Windows account to a corresponding Ubuntu account. Naturally, this only works on a system where a user's Windows data is accessible to the Ubuntu installer; otherwise, as is the case here, the installer will skip this step entirely. 
Step Three: Reboot And Run!

Step Three: Reboot And Run!
Next, you'll arrive at the Ubuntu "Ready to install" screen. As you can see in this slide, it provides information about language/keyboard settings, the selected location/time zone, the user's personal information, and which data (if any) the Ubuntu Migration Assistant will find and move. 

Advanced Options

Advanced Options
As I mentioned before, this also is where you will find additional bootloader configuration settings, using the "Advanced Options" button, along with the option to specify network proxy settings. Only advanced users with specific Linux and/or networking expertise should change these options. 

When you're ready, give Ubuntu the OK and start the installation process. This will take at least 10 minutes, although it could take much longer, if the installer must reformat or resize a very large disk partition. Assuming you already have a disk or disk partition ready for Ubuntu and have other relevant information close at hand, the rest of the setup process will not take more than a total of 10-15 minutes. 

When your system restarts, be ready to enter your username and password -- and to start working with your new desktop Linux system. 

Step Four: Updates And User Management

Step Four: Updates And User Management
Once the Ubuntu Linux desktop system restarts and you log in, you'll likely see an "updates available" icon and/or balloon window. Clicking on these will open the "Update Manager" window and display a list of available updates for every application installed with the Ubuntu 8.10 distro. 

Installing updates can take a while; this slide lists 89 updates for a distro that had been downloaded from the Ubuntu.com site just a few hours earlier. This is mostly due to the fact that Ubuntu, like all Linux distros, includes a vast number of third-party utilities and applications -- not because Ubuntu (or the Linux kernel!) is especially buggy or out-of-date.
Network Information


Network Information
Although Ubuntu 8.10 does a good job of detecting and setting up network connections using DHCP, there are exceptions. And of course, if your desktop systems require static IP addresses, you will have to give Ubuntu the information it needs to access the network. Either way, your navigation path for basic network configuration will be "System" -> "Preferences" -> "Network Configuration"; select the active network adapter (most likely "eth0" for a desktop PC), click "Properties," and then look under the "IPv4" tab for the most relevant settings. 

Before installing any updates, Ubuntu will ask the user to re-enter an administrative password. This is the same password as the one used to log into the system. 
User Settings

User Settings
Finally, take a look at the "User Settings" menu (the navigation path is "System" -> "Administration: -> "Users And Groups"). From here, you can add/delete user accounts, manage user group assignments, change user passwords, and more. To access properties for the root account, including the ability to assign a password to the root account, you will need to unlock it using the password for the current logged-in account. 

That's it. You're done with the installation process. Now you can begin working with your new desktop Linux system. 

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